Taylor Caldwell, author of the bestseller "Captains and The Kings" in 1972, warned the Baby Boomers of the need for their grassroots leadership in her book's Forward:
"This book is dedicated to the young people of America, who are rebelling because they know something is very wrong in their country, but do not know just what it is. I hope this book will help to enlighten them. The historical background and the political background of this novel are authentic. The "Committee for Foreign Studies" does indeed exist, today as of yesterday, and so does the "Scardo Society," but not by these names.
There is indeed a "plot against the people" and probably always will be, for government has always been hostile towards the governed."
Social might is now moving toward your community, state, nation as well as global corporations.
We have entered the age of empowered individuals, who use potent new technologies and harness social media to organize themselves. Most are ordinary people with new tools to force you to listen to what they care about and to demand respect. The institutions of modern developed societies, whether governments or companies, are not prepared for this social power.
The squeeze on middle America is becoming long lasting.
There's little doubt that the American middle class—the 40% of households with annual incomes between $50,000 and $140,000 a year—is in distress. Even before the recession, incomes of American middle-class families weren't keeping up with inflation, especially with the rising costs of what are considered the essential ingredients of middle-class life—college education, health care and housing. In 2009, the income of the median family, the one smack in the middle of the middle, was lower, adjusted for inflation, than in 1998, the Census Bureau says.
Today, Cash is King
Banking in America has moved from "credit economy" of community banking (where the local banker knew his clients and who to extend credit to) into a "financial economy" where big global banks hold and leverage your cash.
Bank of America's transition from a San Francisco-based community bank to a huge financial corporation deep in undeclared Countrywide home mortgage financing losses is a perfect case to illustrate this transition to big global financial banking.
In 1904, A.P. Giannini, a son of Italian immigrants, founded the Bank of Italy in San Francisco with the vision that banks should serve more than the fortunate few.
In 1906, the great San Francisco earthquake gave him the opportunity to make his vision a reality. Rushing into the shattered city, he managed to have $80,000 in gold loaded onto a horse cart covered with vegetables before fire consumed the bank building. Other banks' vaults would be too hot to open for weeks.
He was open for business the next day at a makeshift desk in North Beach, offering to lend money "on a face and a name." Offering loans of $10 to $300 to anyone who had a job, Giannini convinced those in the working class that they should turn their tin cans of savings over to his bank.
Giannini later popularized home mortgages, auto loans, and other pioneering forms of consumer credit. His renamed Bank of America became the largest bank in the world and, a few years after his death in 1949, introduced the another new concept: the credit card. Personally, I signed up for my BankAmericard in 1965, while living and working in the San Francisco Bay Area, and it is still my primary credit card.
Over the last few decades, the US has transformed from a "credit based economy" (where capital market manias tend to be contained by the availability of savings and credit) to a "financial economy" where the unlimited availability of credit leads to speculative bubbles (read: the roaring '20s & '90s) which get totally out of hand.
Today
More than 1.3 million of the bank’s customers are behind on their home loans, all 50 state attorneys general are investigating the industry’s foreclosure practices and Bank of America has become a leading symbol of the mortgage mess.
Here are eleven facts about the nation’s biggest banks:
– Bank profits are highest since before the recession…: According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., bank profits in the first quarter of this year were “the best for the industry since the $36.8 billion earned in the second quarter of 2007.” JP Morgan Chase is currently pulling in record profits.
– …even as the banks plan thousands of layoffs: Banks, including Bank of America, Barclays, Goldman Sachs, and Credit Suisse, are planning to lay off tens of thousands of workers.
– Banks make nearly one-third of total corporate profits: The financial sector accounts for about 30 percent of total corporate profits, which is actually down from before the financial crisis, when they made closer to 40 percent.
– Since 2008, the biggest banks have gotten bigger: Due to the failure of small competitors and mergers facilitated during the 2008 crisis, the nation’s biggest banks — including Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, and Wells Fargo — are now bigger than they were pre-recession. Pre-crisis, the four biggest banks held 32 percent of total deposits; now they hold nearly 40 percent.
– The four biggest banks issue 50 percent of mortgages and 66 percent of credit cards: Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, Wells Fargo and Citigroup issue one out of every two mortgages and nearly two out of every three credit cards in America.
– The 10 biggest banks hold 60 percent of bank assets: In the 1980s, the 10 biggest banks controlled 22 percent of total bank assets. Today, they control 60 percent.
– The six biggest banks hold assets equal to 63 percent of the country’s GDP: In 1995, the six biggest banks in the country held assets equal to about 17 percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product. Now their assets equal 63 percent of GDP.
– The five biggest banks hold 95 percent of derivatives: Nearly the entire market in derivatives — the credit instruments that helped blow up some of the nation’s biggest banks as well as mega-insurer AIG — is dominated by just five firms: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Citibank, and Wells Fargo.
– Banks cost households nearly $20 trillion in wealth: Almost $20 trillion in wealth was destroyed by the Great Recession, and total family wealth is still down “$12.8 trillion (in 2011 dollars) from June 2007 — its last peak.”
– Big banks don’t lend to small businesses: The New Rules Project notes that the country’s 20 biggest banks “devote only 18 percent of their commercial loan portfolios to small business.”
– Big banks paid 5,000 bonuses of at least $1 million in 2008: According to the New York Attorney General’s office, “nine of the financial firms that were among the largest recipients of federal bailout money paid about 5,000 of their traders and bankers bonuses of more than $1 million apiece for 2008.”
In the last few decades, regulations on the biggest banks have been systematically eliminated, while those banks engineered more and more ways to turn ever-more complex trading instruments into ever-higher profits. It makes perfect sense, then, that a grassroots leadership movement calling for an economy that works for everyone would center its efforts on an industry that exemplifies the opposite.
Robert R. Prechter Jr.: Conquer the Crash: You Can Survive and Prosper in a Deflationary Depression